Germany’s two largest airline groups, Lufthansa and Air Berlin, have announced wide-ranging measures to either preserve profitability, in the case of the former, or restore profitability, as they grapple with a gloomy regional economic outlook. Air Berlin, sandwiched between the low-cost and full-service space, will reduce its exposure to the struggling German leisure segment, which has been on a downward spiral all year.

Germany, the de facto leader of the European Union and a major underwriter of the bailout packages as a large holder of European sovereign debt, has been hit with renewed, and increasing, recession fears. German investor confidence fell to its lowest in more than 2.5 years in Sep-2011, the ZEW Center for European Economic Research said on 20-Sep-2011.